REST For Free

//  EXAMPLES:
//
//    http://localhost:8888/people/chefs/Jimbo?eggs=2&cheese=4
//    http://localhost:8888/people/chefs/Jimbo?cheese=4&eggs=2
//    http://localhost:8888/people/chefs/Jimbo?cheese=4&eggs=2&bacon=5
//
//  USAGE:
//    C:\RestForFree>fsi restForFree.fsx
//
//  SEE ALSO:
//    https://www.branded3.com/blog/creating-a-simple-http-server-with-f

#I @"C:\RestForFree"
#r @"FParsec.1.0.2\lib\net40-client\FParsecCS.dll"
#r @"FParsec.1.0.2\lib\net40-client\FParsec.dll"

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//Naive, but its just a pedantic example
module parsingStuff =
  open System; open FParsec

  //Just give me my result, parsec!
  let (-=>) input someParser =
    run someParser input
    |> function
    | Success(result,_,_) -> result
    | _ -> Unchecked.defaultof<'T>    //Equivalent to C#'s default(T),
                                      //both match paths need same return type

  type url = {
    pathString: string
    queryString: string }

  let not = (<>) //Just eliminating parens

  let psplitBy char =
    let keep = manySatisfy(not char)
    let toss = pstring(string(char))
    sepBy(keep)(toss)

  let pathParser = psplitBy('/')

  let keyOrVal = many(noneOf "&=") |>> String.Concat
  let keyValuePair =  keyOrVal .>> pstring "=" .>>. keyOrVal
  let queryParser = sepBy(keyValuePair)(pstring "&")

  let preamble = parse {
    do! pstring "http" |>> ignore                                       //Proto
    do! skipString "://"                                                //
    do! many(noneOf ":/") |>> String.Concat |>> ignore                  //host
    do! pstring(":") >>. manySatisfy(Char.IsDigit) <|>% "" |>> ignore } //port?

  let urlParser = parse {
    do! preamble
    let! pathString = pstring("/") >>. manySatisfy(not '?') <|>% ""
    let! queryString = pstring("?") >>. restOfLine(true) <|>% ""
    return {
      pathString = pathString
      queryString = queryString } }

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module serverStuff =
  open System; open System.Net; open System.Text

  //Eliminate .NET line noise,
  type HttpListenerResponse with
    member me.WriteAsync str =
      Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(s=str)
      |> me.OutputStream.AsyncWrite

  //Config
  let root,host = @"C:\RestForFree","http://localhost:8888/"

  //.NET init stuff
  let initListener =
    let l = new HttpListener()
    l.Prefixes.Add host
    l.Start()
    l

  //As it turns out, Async.* was recently, to accomodate futures/deferreds
  //However, HttpListener uses 'the IAsyncResult design pattern [sic]',
  //which is older/more-lower-level
  //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.iasyncresult(v=vs.110).aspx
  let listen =
    let l = initListener  //Called once upon definition of 'listen'
    async {               //Is accessed repeatedly, however
      let b,e = l.BeginGetContext, l.EndGetContext
      let! context = Async.FromBeginEnd(b, e)
      return context.Request,context.Response }

  let serverStuff requestHandler =
    Async.Start <| async {                    //Non-blocking
      while true do
        let! request, response = listen       //Get the context asynchronously
        do! requestHandler request response } //Handle the context async
    Console.ReadLine() |> ignore              //Retain console for printfn

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

module httpStuff =
  open System.Net; open serverStuff

  //Parens for sake of type inferencer confused by partial application
  let httpStuff (restHandler)(request)(response:HttpListenerResponse) =
    async {
      response.StatusCode  <- int HttpStatusCode.OK   //Response packaging
      response.ContentType <- "text/html"             //Response packaging
      let! mainOutput = restHandler request response
      do! response.WriteAsync mainOutput
      response.Close() }                               //Resource management :-)
                                                       //TODO: Find IDisposables
                                                       //      and 'use' them.

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

open parsingStuff
open serverStuff
open httpStuff

//Have to sort tuples by key alphabetically, lest there be no match! :-(
let (|SORTED|) = SORTED List.sortBy fst
let pretty s = sprintf "%A" s

serverStuff(httpStuff(fun request response ->

  //Thank you Microsoft, but I will parse the url myself
  request.Url.AbsoluteUri -=> urlParser
  |> function
  | { url.pathString = pathString; url.queryString = queryString } ->

      //'Routes'
      pathString -=> pathParser
      |> function

      //"href=/people/chefs/Jimbo"
      | [ "people"; "chefs"; chef ] ->

        //Remote Procedure Call (RPC)-style 'rest' endpoints
        queryString -=> queryParser
        |> function

        | SORTED[ "cheese",b ; "eggs",a ] -> async {
            return
              chef + " cannot make omlettes :-( ... <br />" +
              "But, Dexter can make " + string(int a + int b + 1000) +
              " omlettes du fromage!!  <br />" +
              "because he is a boy-genious, with a very large laboratory." }

        //b, then c, then e, here, but not in the url!
        | SORTED[ "bacon",b ; "cheese",c ; "eggs",a ] -> async {
            return
              chef + " can make " + string(int a + int b + int c) + " omlets!" }

        //b, then c, then e, here, but not in the url!
        | SORTED[ "bacon",b ; "cheese",c ; "eggs",a ; "mushrooms",m ] -> async {
            return "Mushrooms...Disgusting!" }

        | SORTED query -> async {
            return "NO QUERY MATCH FOR: " + pretty query }

      | path -> async { return "NO PATH MATCH FOR: " + pretty path }
))